Account abstraction

Account abstraction is a model in which a user's account is a programmable smart contract rather than a key-controlled externally owned account.

Under account abstraction the account itself is a contract, so it can define its own validation rules — social recovery, spending limits, batched calls, or paying fees in a token via a paymaster. On Ethereum this is standardized by ERC-4337, which routes user operations through a bundler. It unlocks gas sponsorship and one-click flows for payments. The resulting user operations still become transactions on-chain, which our tx primitives can decode, simulate and broadcast non-custodially.